Which of the Following Is Abstract Data Type in C++?
An abstract data type (ADT) is a class or data type that defines a set of operations but does not specify the implementation details. It provides a high-level view of the data and its behavior, allowing programmers to work with the data without worrying about how it is actually implemented.
Types of Abstract Data Types in C++
1. Stack
A stack is an abstract data type that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. It allows elements to be inserted and removed only from one end, called the top of the stack.
In C++, stacks can be implemented using arrays or linked lists.
2. Queue
A queue is an abstract data type that follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle. Elements are inserted at one end, called the rear, and removed from the other end, called the front.
In C++, queues can be implemented using arrays or linked lists.
3. List
A list is an abstract data type that represents a collection of elements arranged in a linear sequence. Unlike arrays, lists can dynamically grow and shrink in size as elements are added or removed.
In C++, lists can be implemented using singly linked lists, doubly linked lists, or arrays.
4. Tree
A tree is an abstract data type that represents a hierarchical structure with a set of connected nodes. Each node may have zero or more child nodes, forming parent-child relationships.
Trees are commonly used for organizing and searching large amounts of data efficiently. In C++, trees can be implemented using various techniques such as binary trees, AVL trees, and red-black trees.
5. Graph
A graph is an abstract data type that represents a collection of vertices (nodes) and edges between them. Graphs can be used to model complex relationships between objects or entities.
In C++, graphs can be implemented using adjacency lists or adjacency matrices.
Conclusion
In C++, there are several abstract data types available to handle different types of data and their operations. Understanding these ADTs and their implementations is essential for writing efficient and organized code.