What Is Number Data Type in JavaScript?

The Number data type in JavaScript is used to represent numeric values. It allows you to perform mathematical operations and store numerical data. In this tutorial, we will discuss the features and usage of the Number data type in JavaScript.

Creating Number Variables

To create a variable of the Number data type, you can simply assign a numerical value to it. Let’s see an example:

var age = 25;

In the above example, we have created a variable named ‘age’ and assigned the value 25 to it.

Mathematical Operations

The Number data type allows you to perform various mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Let’s see some examples:

var num1 = 10;
var num2 = 5;

// Addition
var sum = num1 + num2; // sum = 15

// Subtraction
var difference = num1 - num2; // difference = 5

// Multiplication
var product = num1 * num2; // product = 50 

// Division 
var quotient = num1 / num2; // quotient = 2 

Rounding Numbers

The Number data type provides several methods to round numbers. Some of them are:

• .toFixed(): This method rounds the number to a specified number of decimal places. For example:

var num = 3.14159;
var roundedNum = num.toFixed(2); // roundedNum = 3.14 

• .toPrecision(): This method rounds the number to a specified length. For example:

var num = 1234.56789;
var roundedNum = num.toPrecision(5); // roundedNum = 1234.6 

Numeric Conversions

The Number data type provides methods to convert other data types to numbers:

• parseInt(): This method parses a string and returns an integer value. For example:

var str = "10";
var num = parseInt(str); // num will be of Number type 

• parseFloat(): This method parses a string and returns a floating-point value. For example:

var str = "3.14";
var num = parseFloat(str); // num will be of Number type 

Numeric Properties and Constants

The Number data type also provides some useful properties and constants:

• Number.MAX_VALUE: The largest number that can be represented in JavaScript.
• Number.MIN_VALUE: The smallest positive number that can be represented in JavaScript.POSITIVE_INFINITY: A value representing positive infinity.NEGATIVE_INFINITY: A value representing negative infinity.NaN: A value representing Not-a-Number (NaN).

Conclusion

The Number data type in JavaScript is a versatile tool for working with numerical values. It allows you to perform mathematical operations, round numbers, and convert other data types to numbers. Understanding how to use the Number data type will enable you to write more powerful and efficient JavaScript code.