A multiplexer, also known as a mux, is a fundamental component in data structure that plays a crucial role in digital electronics and computer systems. It is widely used to combine multiple input signals into a single output signal. In this article, we will explore the concept of multiplexers in data structure and understand their applications and functionality.
What is a Multiplexer?
A multiplexer is a digital circuit that has multiple input lines (n) and one output line. It selects one of the input lines based on the control signals and transfers the selected input to the output line. The control signals determine which input line is active and should be connected to the output.
Multiplexers are commonly represented using a schematic symbol that consists of trapezoids representing the various inputs, one trapezoid representing the output, and select lines or control signals represented by small circles or squares.
Working Principle of Multiplexer
The working principle of a multiplexer can be understood by considering its truth table. A truth table defines all possible combinations of inputs along with their corresponding outputs.
Let’s take an example of a 4-to-1 multiplexer with four inputs (D0, D1, D2, D3), two select lines (S0, S1), and one output (Y). The truth table for this multiplexer would look like:
| S1 | S0 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 | Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 |